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Forced Circulation Evaporator

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Overview

The forced circulation evaporator, also known as the multi-effect forced circulation evaporator, is a high-efficiency energy-saving concentration equipment developed by our company. Operating under vacuum and low-temperature conditions, this equipment features fast liquid flow, rapid evaporation, and resistance to scaling, making it suitable for concentrating materials with high viscosity, high concentration, and scaling tendency. It is widely applied in the concentration and crystallization processes of the food and chemical industries, as well as in the processing and concentration of fruit juices and high-concentration ethyl sugar.

 

The forced circulation evaporator relies on an external circulation pump to drive liquid circulation. Its heating chamber is available in two structures: horizontal and vertical. The liquid circulation speed is regulated by the pump. This type of evaporator is suitable for concentrating solutions prone to crystallization or scaling, with the main drawback being higher energy consumption. Forced circulation evaporators can be classified into single-effect, double-effect, triple-effect, quadruple-effect, and multi-effect types.

Composition and Structure

The system is composed of the following components:
  • Evaporators for each effect
  • Separators for each effect
  • Condenser
  • Circulation pump
  • Inter-effect pump
  • Vacuum and drainage system
  • Steam header (steam manifold)
  • Operation platform
  • Electrical instrument control cabinet
  • Valves, pipelines, and other auxiliary systems

Characteristics

  1. Vacuum concentration is adopted, enabling evaporation at low temperatures.
  2. By adjusting the balance between feed and discharge concentrations, continuous feeding and discharging can be achieved.
  3. Forced circulation of the liquid ensures that high-viscosity and high-concentration materials flow easily for evaporation, with minimal scaling and short concentration time.
  4. The equipment uses forced circulation vacuum evaporation to reduce material residence time, improve thermal efficiency, and extend the operation cycle. All components are made of stainless steel: parts in contact with materials are polished, while the exterior undergoes pickling or matte treatment. The heater and evaporation chamber are separated, facilitating tube cleaning and replacement, and reducing plant height.
  5. The equipment consists of:
    • Single/double/triple/multi-effect heaters
    • Single/double/triple/multi-effect evaporation-separation-crystallization chambers
    • Circulation pipes
    • Steam-liquid separators
    • Mixed condensers
    • Vacuum pumps
    • Thick slurry discharge pumps
    • Single/double/triple/multi-effect forced circulation pumps
    • Condensate pumps
    • Electrical control boxes
    • Workbenches, as well as all pipelines, valves, and instruments.
  6. Heater:
    • Heating tubes are made of stainless steel.
    • The first-effect heater uses live steam, while subsequent effects use secondary steam separated from the previous effect’s crystallization chamber as the heat source.
    • The liquid enters the second-effect heater from the bottom via a forced circulation pump at the conical base of the second-effect evaporation separator, exits from the top, and enters the second-effect evaporation-separation chamber tangentially for continuous circulation.
    • During concentration, part of the material flows back to the first-effect feed pipe. The first-effect forced circulation pump drives the material upward through the first heater, bends into another heater, descends through the tubes, and enters the evaporation-separation chamber tangentially to enhance steam-liquid separation.
    • After normal operation, the feed rate must equal the sum of evaporation rates from all effects and the discharge rate.
  7. Evaporation-separation-crystallization chamber:
    • The evaporation chamber is a vertical cylinder with a conical bottom for easy crystal slurry discharge.
    • Secondary steam exits from the top, passes through a steam-liquid separator, and enters the condenser.
    • The conical bottom of the evaporation chamber connects to the circulation pump.
  8. Steam-liquid separator:
    • Function: Prevent fine liquid droplets entrained by secondary steam from escaping, reducing material loss and preventing pipeline/cooling water contamination.
    • Structure: Baffles are set in the secondary steam channel. The steam with droplets repeatedly changes direction and collides with baffles; due to greater inertia, droplets are separated from the steam flow.
  9. Condenser:
    • Function: Condense the large-volume secondary steam generated during vacuum evaporation into liquid via cooling water, facilitate smooth concentration, and separate non-condensable gases from secondary steam and cooling water for extraction by the vacuum system, reducing the vacuum system’s load and ensuring required vacuum degree.
    • Structure: Composed of a mixing chamber, gas-liquid separator, and barometric leg.

Performance

  1. The entire system features rational and aesthetic design, stable operation, high energy efficiency, and low steam consumption. With a large concentration ratio, the forced circulation mechanism enables easy evaporation of high-viscosity materials and shortens concentration time.
  2. Special design allows simple operation to switch between effects, adapting to the production of different products.
  3. Low evaporation temperature ensures full heat utilization, and gentle material heating makes it suitable for concentrating heat-sensitive materials.
  4. Through forced circulation, the evaporator ensures uniform heating in the tubes, high heat transfer coefficient, and prevents the “dry wall” phenomenon.
  5. The material undergoes re-separation in the separator, enhancing separation efficiency and endowing the overall equipment with a large operational flexibility.
  6. The complete equipment is compact, occupies a small footprint, and features a simple and smooth layout, representing the development trend of large-scale integrated evaporation equipment.
  7. It supports continuous feeding and discharging, with automatic control of material liquid level and required concentration.

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